We consider the effects of going beyond the approximation of a straight string in mesons by using a flexible flux tube model wherein a Nambu-Goto string bends in response to quark accelerations. The curved string is dynamically identical to the straight string even for ultra-relativistic mesons except for a small additional radial momentum. We numerically solve the curved string model in the ca...

This paper presents an approach to the representation of polygons with straight and curved edges by real functions. A “carrier polygon” is an arbitrary simple polygon with straight edges. Application of our method results in a C continuous function F(x,y) with zero value at polygon edges. We combine an efficient algorithm employing a monotone function of a boolean operation, with R-functions. T...

Progress on the physics of strings in curved spacetime are comprehensively reviewed. We start by showing through renormalization group arguments that a meaningful quantum theory of gravity must be finite and must include all particle physics. Then, we review classical and quantum string propagation in curved spacetimes.We start by the general expansion method proposed by de Vega and Sánchez in ...

Since the early days of quantum mechanics many techniques have been developed in order to deal with manifolds with non-trivial topology. Among them two techniques have received a great attention in the literature and are shortly reviewed here as they are most geometrical in nature. These are the Kostant–Souriau geometric quantization scheme and the so called constrained quantum mechanics. A not...

INTRODUCTION This study compared the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in straight and curved canals using an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser and irrigation with 6.15% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). METHODS Fifty-five single-rooted extracted teeth were divided into straight and curved canal groups. The root lengths were standardized (14.0mm) and NiTi instruments were use...

1. Abstract This paper is aimed at minimizing the bending moment which caused in curved surface structures. The dimension of structure weight is three, and the material strength dimension is two. Therefore, the bigger the structure scale is, the more bearing capacity will be occupied by initial stress caused by dead load. Thus, with the growing of span, structural form will be greatly restricte...

Abstract. For each k ≥ 1 and corresponding hexagonal number h(k) = 3k(k + 1)+ 1, we introduce m(k) = max{(k − 1)!/2, 1} packings of h(k) equal disks inside a circle which we call the curved hexagonal packings. The curved hexagonal packing of 7 disks (k = 1, m(1) = 1) is well known and one of the 19 disks (k = 2, m(2) = 1) has been previously conjectured to be optimal. New curved hexagonal packi...

The purpose of the present study was to identify genetic variants that confer susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with low or high serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, thereby contributing to the personalized prevention of CKD in such individuals. The study population compr...

In vortex motion fluid moves in curve path and the stream lines are curved. When the fluid flows between curved stream line, the centrifugal forces are setup which is counter balanced by pressure forces acting in the radial direction. The vortex motion has two types of curved motion. The first type called free vortex type, the fluid moves due to its own natural effect but energy is not added to...

We propose a modeling method based on rationalizing curved folding in order to find the form variations of 1DOF origami mechanism. We interact with a physical paper model of curved folding and then discretize a curved folding by identifying and fixing the rulings. The discretized form is a rigid origami structure with at most one degree of freedom. The form adjustment follows the discretization...