The relationship between trade unions and the unemployed is complex and, to some extent, ambiguous. The article first presents the main features of such a relationship, synthesising evidence from various cases (historical and contemporary). Then, using a Marxist dialectical approach, it looks at the features that characterise trade unions in order to explain why they act as they do towards the ...

We study subsets of Grassmann varieties G(l, m) over a field F , such that these subsets are unions of Schubert cycles, with respect to a fixed flag. We study the linear spans of, and in case of positive characteristic, the number of Fq-rational points on such unions. Moreover we study a geometric duality of such unions, and give a combinatorial interpretation of this duality. We discuss the ma...

Trade unions provide a voice in the way firms are run, an input into reward systems and increased security of employment. But these vary with national context. Using transnational survey evidence, we explore the relative impact of setting, and of unions and collective bargaining, on these issues. We find that, irrespective of context organisations are significantly more likely to make usage of ...

This paper presents several results of prediction-preserving reducibility with membership queries (pwm-reducibility) on formal languages. We mainly deal with two kinds of concept classes, simple CFGs and finite unions of regular pattern languages. For the former, we show that DNF formulas are pwm-reducible to CFGs that is sequential or that contains at most one nonterminal. For the latter, on t...