an analytical nonlinear stress-strain model and a microscopic damage index for confined and unconfined concretes together with a macroscopic damage index for reinforced concrete (rc) structures under cyclic loading are proposed. in order to eliminate the problem of scale effect, an adjustable finite element computer program was generated to simulate rc structures subjected to cyclic loading. by...

Failure of tailings dams can result in significant spill, loss human lives, and damages to the environment infrastructure. Cyclic loadings such as earthquakes blasting are among main threats stability dams. Seismic analyses further challenged by uncertainty variability properties. In this paper, influence input motion characteristics spatial coal (CT) properties on seismic a typical upstream-co...

An anisotropic plasticity model is developed based on the non-associated flow rule with hardening. The combines non-quadratic yield function and quadratic plastic potential for orthogonal sheet metals. also expanded to properly reproduce cyclic effect during forming processes. simple formulations can contribute cost saving in parameter acquisition process implementation. was implemented into fi...

a structured mathematical model of anaerobic conversion of complex organic materials in non-ideally cyclic-batch reactors for biogas production has been developed. the  model is based on multiple-reaction stoichiometry (enzymatic hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis), microbial growth kinetics, conventional material balances in the liquid and gas phases for a cyclic-batch r...

Studies at the basic and clinical levels demonstrate that neuronal atrophy and cell death occur in response to stress and in the brains of depressed patients. Although the mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated, progress has been made in characterizing the signal transduction cascades that control neuronal atrophy and programmed cell death and that may be involved in the action of antidepre...

A three-dimensional framework for low-cycle fatigue analysis of polycrystalline aggregates is proposed in this work. First, a cohesive law coupling plasticity and damage developed modelling cycle-by-cycle degradation material interfaces up to complete de-cohesion failure. The may model both quasi-static under increasing monotonic load cyclic loading, through coupled plasticity-damage whose acti...

Ashhad S, Johnston D, Narayanan R. Activation of InsP3 receptors is sufficient for inducing graded intrinsic plasticity in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 113: 2002–2013, 2015. First published December 31, 2014; doi:10.1152/jn.00833.2014.— The synaptic plasticity literature has focused on establishing necessity and sufficiency as two essential and distinct features in causally...

The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) plays an important role in synaptic plasticity. Although there is evidence for local control of synaptic transmission and plasticity, it is less clear whether a similar spatial confinement of cAMP signaling exists. Here, we suggest a possible biophysical basis for the site-specific regulation of synaptic plasticity by cAMP, a highly diffusible small molecu...