Bees are essential pollinators of crops and wild plants their ability to forage pollinate key aspects behaviour. Bee populations under threat, with the use insecticides a contributing factor. Most research has focused on neonicotinoid bee mortality, little is known about impacts foraging delivery pollination services. However, other insecticide classes, such as organophosphates pyrethroids, inc...

Abstract Background Two plant essential oils, basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) and petitgrain mandarin Citrus reticulate L.), one pyrethroid chemical insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin, were evaluated against two of the most important stored product insect pests, Sitophilus oryzae Rhyzopertha dominica , on wheat grains under laboratory conditions using mixing with feeding method. The effect tested mat...

A field study was conducted over 2 yr to determine the effects of transgenic sweet corn containing a gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on the diversity and abundance of nontarget arthropods. The Bt hybrid (expressing Cry1Ab endotoxin for lepidopteran control) was compared with near-isogenic non-Bt and Bt hybrids treated with a foliar insecticide and with a near-isogenic non-Bt...

14 Honey bees are exposed to a variety of environmental stressors that impact their health, 15 including nutritional stress, pathogens, and chemicals in the environment. In particular, there has 16 been increasing evidence that sublethal exposure to pesticides can cause subtle, yet important 17 effects on honey bee health and behavior. Here, we add to this body of knowledge by presenting 18 dat...

Pesticides are designed to control pests. They all are toxic to some level; otherwise they would not kill pests. They can also be toxic to non-target organisms such as plants, animals or humans. Exposure to a sufficient amount of almost any pesticide can affect a person—either through illness, eye exposure or skin sensitivity. Excess of any compound will be harmful to life and consider leader t...

The detection and quantification of different pesticides in the goat milk samples collected from different localities of Faisalabad, Pakistan was performed by HPLC using solid phase microextraction. The analysis showed that about 50% milk samples were contaminated with pesticides. The mean±SEM levels (ppm) of cyhalothrin, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were 0.34±0.007, 0.063±0.002, 0...

BACKGROUND New brands of potential long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) and LLIN treatment kits require field evaluation before they are used in a vector control programme. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the bio-efficacy, usage, washing practice and physical integrity of nets treated with LLIN treatment kit, ICON MAXX in a phase III field trial in Odisha state, India. MET...

Pyrethroid pesticides have replaced organophosphates for many urban applications, including structural pest control, landscape maintenance, and residential home and garden use. This study was intended to determine if pyrethroids are detectable and widespread in diverse urban systems and if concentrations are high enough to cause associated aquatic toxicity. Urban creeks in California and Tennes...