We present a three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction scheme for optical near-infrared imaging of highly scattering material. The algorithm reconstructs the spatial distribution of the optical parameters of a volume Omega from transillumination measurements on the boundary of Omega. We test the performance of the method for a cylindrical object with embedded absorbing perturbation for a numb...

Photoacoustic tomography relies on a dense coverage of the surface surrounding the imaged object with ultrasound sensors in order to enable an accurate reconstruction. A curved arrangement of integrating line sensors is proposed that is able to acquire data for a linear projection image of the absorbed energy density distribution in the object. Upon rotation of the object relative to the array,...

A simple gripper with two vertical cylindrical jaws can make contact with external or internal concavities in polygonal and polyhedral parts to align and grip parts in form closure. Such grippers are inexpensive, lightweight, and their small footprint facilitates access and insertion for industrial applications. We refer to this as a v-grip. We begin by defining 2D v-grips, where a pair of fric...

The Wave-based Finite Element Method or WFEM is applied to in-vacuo cylindrical shells to studystructure-borne wave interaction with bulkhead and keel-type plate attachments. The frequency rangeconsidered is from one to ten times the shell "ring" frequency. The goal is to better understand theshell-plate interaction, which plays an important role in the acoustic scattering and r...

Investigation of dynamic processes in cell biology very often relies on the observation two dimensions three-dimensional (3D) biological processes. Consequently, data are partial and statistical methods models required to recover parameters describing dynamical In case molecules moving over 3D surface, such as proteins walls bacteria cell, a large portion surface is not observed two-dimensional...

Iron-based superconductors, with the ThCr2Si2-type tetragonal structure (122 family), due to iron arsenide/selenide layers exhibit several characteristic electronic properties. For example, multiband character mostly associated d-orbitals of and quasi-two-dimensional (2D) cylindrical Fermi surface. Moreover, external hydrostatic pressure leads isostructural phase transition from collapsed-tetra...

Multipole expansions depend on the coordinate system, so that coefficients of multipole moments can be set equal to zero by an appropriate choice of coordinates. Therefore, it is meaningless to say that a physical system has a nonvanishing quadrupole moment, say, without specifying which coordinate system is used. (Except if this moment is the lowest non-vanishing one.) This result is demonstra...

We review Maxwell’s multipole vectors, and elucidate some of their mathematical properties, with emphasis on the application of this tool to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In particular, for a completely random function on the sphere (corresponding to the statistically isotropic Gaussian model of the CMB), we derive the full probability density function of the multipole vectors. This fu...

Based on the study of limited array diffraction beams, a High Frame Rate (HFR) imaging method which uses a broadband pulsed plane wave, or array beams transmission field from a linear transducer array to illuminate the area to be imaged has been developed by Jian-yu LU. Echoes from the objects are received with the same transducer as is used in transmission. For each array beam parameter in a c...