In an exogenous-growth economy with overlapping generations we analyse local stability of a balanced growth equilibrium (bge) with respect to endowment perturbations, interpreted as transfers. We show that generically in the space of parameters equilibria around bge are locally unique and are locally differentiable functions of endowments, with derivatives given by kernels. Further, those equil...

Transactions at non-equilibrium prices are “false trades”. Under standard assumptions, markets without false trading produce Pareto-efficient outputs. This paper demonstrates graphically the complications created when false trades occur, showing that quantities produced deviate from Pareto-efficient quantities except under unique conditions. In a general equilibrium framework, this spills over ...

Background: Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a serious concern in carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) for thoracic malignancies. To estimate the induction of RILI after CIRT, translation of evidence in X-ray radiation therapy to CIRT is of great importance. However, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon-ion beams in normal lung tissues is not fully elucidated, making the ...

BACKGROUND A knowledge-based radiation therapy (KBRT) treatment planning algorithm was recently developed. The purpose of this work is to investigate how plans that are generated with the objective KBRT approach compare to those that rely on the judgment of the experienced planner. METHODS Thirty volumetric modulated arc therapy plans were randomly selected from a database of prostate plans t...

PURPOSE To investigate the early and late toxicity of a hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) schedule to treat muscle- invasive bladder cancer in relation to radiation parameters according to the organs at risk. METHODS Forty-three patients with T2-T3 bladder carcinoma were irradiated with a weekly hypofractionated schedule with a total dose of 36 Gy in 6 fractions. Included in this study were ...

Objectives: The present study is to evaluate Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification (VTQ) technique in the prevention of submandibular gland damage in patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) after Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). Material and method: A total of 61 patients diagnosed with NPC were treated with IMRT. All the patients underwent Ultrasonography (US) while submandibul...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in dose-volumetric data between the analytical anisotropic algorithms (AAA) and the two dose reporting modes of the Acuros XB, namely, the dose to water (AXB_Dw) and dose to medium (AXB_Dm) in lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Thirty-eight plans were generated using the AXB_Dm in Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS) and then ...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the impact of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) versus non-image-guided radiation therapy (non-IGRT) on the dose to the clinical target volume (CTV) and the cervical spinal cord during fractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for head-and-neck cancer (HNC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS For detailed investigation, 4 exemplary patients with daily con...