Transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) is an important component of power system planning. Itdetermines the characteristics and performance of the future electric power network and influences the powersystem operation directly. Different methods have been proposed for the solution of the static transmissionnetwork expansion planning (STNEP) problem till now. But in all of them, STNEP pr...

Power electronic devices are non-linear loads that create harmonic distortion and can be susceptible to voltage dips if not adequately protected. The most common economically damaging power quality problem encountered involves the use of variable-speed drives. Variable-speed motor drives or inverters are highly susceptible to voltage dip disturbances and cause particular problems in industrial ...

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems offer distinct advantages for the integration of offshore wind farms to inland grid system. HVDC transmission system based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC) enables multi-terminal use HVDC for the integration of large-scale wind power in the North Sea. That network requires a special formulation for power flow analysis as opposed to the conventional me...

Synchronization has gained attention in science recently. In electrical engineering, a power network requires generators and loads to be in synchronization. The increase in distributed dc power sources without sophisticated controls has made synchronization more difficult. This paper proposes a synchronous inverter designed for linking distributed power sources within a power network. The linka...

Traditionally, transmission assets for bulk power flow in the electric grid have been modeled as fixed assets in the short run, except during times of forced outages or maintenance. This traditional view does not permit reconfiguration of the transmission grid by the system operators to improve system performance and economic efficiency. The current push to create a smarter grid has brought to ...

BACKGROUND Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the main cause of HIV-1 infection in children worldwide. Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing-nonintegrin (DC-SIGN, also known as CD209) is an HIV-1 receptor that enhances its transmission to T cells and is expressed on placental macrophages. METHODS AND FINDINGS We have investigated the association between DC-SIGN genetic variants and risk...