BACKGROUND Innate immunity, including Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated expression of the B7 costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, is critical for vaccine immunity. We examined whether CD80 and CD86 expression vary with aging and predict response to the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. METHODS One hundred sixty-two subjects between 21 and 30 years of age (the young group) or > or =65...

OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between academic performance, extracurricular activity, and quality of life at medical school in the UK to aid our understanding of students' work-life balance. METHODS A cross-sectional study, using an electronic questionnaire distributed to UK final year medical students across 20 medical schools (4478 students). Participants reported the hours of self...

OBJECTIVES Ambient temperature has been reported to play a role in the occurrence of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to investigate the relation between ambient temperature of onset time and ICH and the effect of hourly temperature within 72 h before ICH. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional case-only study and a retrospective analysis of a prospective database. SE...

This paper aims to determine emissions polluted directly and indirectly by an average person, for each household type, across a wide range of emissions. There are five household type categories: location, income decile, household composition, size and number of disabled residents. Ireland's Sustainable Development Model (ISus) is used which allows the analysis of direct and indirect sources of ...

Aggregate stock market returns are naturally categorized as either small or large movements. In the continuous-time model setup, we can formally identify these movements as continuous or discontinuous (jump). Using a large, novel, highfrequency dataset, I investigate how individual stocks respond to these two different market changes. I also explore whether the different systematic risks associ...

We mapped average age-adjusted stroke mortality rates for white men and white women aged 35-74 years for state economic areas (counties or groups of counties) in the continental United States for three 7-year periods between 1962 and 1982. Despite the decline of national stroke mortality rates, rates in some areas failed to decline between 1962-1968 and 1969-1975. All areas experienced declines...

BACKGROUND Folic acid is known to reduce risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). Even so, NTDs continue to occur despite individual supplementation or population fortification with folic acid. We investigated other nutrients related to one-carbon metabolism that may affect NTD risk. METHODS This prospective study included data from more than 180,000 pregnant women in California from 2003 through ...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest a role for hyperlipidemia in the development of diabetes. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between variations of total cholesterol (TC) levels and the risk for type 2 diabetes development from a Korean nationwide population-based database. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the General Health Check-up sub-dataset of the Korean National Heal...

Abstract Background Little is known about how continuity of care for hospitalized patients varies among hospitals. We describe the number different general internal medicine physicians seeing during a medical admission and that by hospital. Methods conducted retrospective study national 20% sample Medicare inpatients from 01/01/16 to 12/31/18. In with routine admissions (length stay 3–6 days, n...

With ever-increasing dataset sizes, subset selection techniques are becoming increasingly important for a plethora of tasks. It is often necessary to guide the achieve certain desiderata, which includes focusing or targeting data points, while avoiding others. Examples such problems include: i)targeted learning, where goal find subsets with rare classes attributes on model under performing, and...