نتایج جستجو برای: defence mechanisms
تعداد نتایج: 551189 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
This article brings to attention one of the main developments recorded in context European defence cooperation, namely establishment Defence Fund (EDF). Conceived as an initiative aimed at contributing financial support cooperation projects fields capability development and research, EDF represents innovation that began operate starting with 2021, offering additional perspectives for strengthen...
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome is commonly accepted as a disorder closely influenced by affective factors, which can either trigger the symptoms or contribute to their persistence, independently from their aetiology. It has been previously documented that irritable bowel syndrome patients respond to a variety of emotional states (anger, fear and anxiety) with an increase in colonic motilit...
Male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) often cooperate with their neighbours in defending nests against predators. Some studies have suggested that this is an example of by-product mutualism, whereas others have suggested the possibility of reciprocal altruism. No study has addressed the possibility of kin-selected cooperation in nest defence in this species. Reciprocal altruism, kin ...
Plants frequently suffer attack from herbivores and microbial pathogens, and have evolved a complex array of defence mechanisms to resist defoliation and disease. These include both preformed defences, ranging from structural features to stores of toxic secondary metabolites, and inducible defences, which are activated only after an attack is detected. It is well known that plant defences again...
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