The literature on organizational learning, innovation and internationalization usually views these three processes as building upon each other. In this paper, however, we aim to clarify these relationships and propose a theoretical model that has mutual causality at its core and is based on ideas originating in complexity theory. Our model results from case study research into two clothing sect...

Even though international marketing has been challenged because of theoretical and methodological shortcomings, very few researchers have actually attempted to analyze the weaknesses based on principles of theory evaluation. In this article, the author examines two types of models addressing the individual rirm's internationalization process. A theory evaluation is performed based on the explan...

Bobby is a software product that automatically evaluates the accessibility of a Web site according to the guidelines promoted by the W3C. The internationalization of this software poses a series of challenges to support international web sites to evaluate, to incorporate international design and evaluation guidelines, and to produce evaluation reports that can be read by an international reader...

The aim of this paper is to highlight the factors that explain the choice faced by MNCs between the two main location strategies identified in the literature on internationalization of R&D and related technological activities: home-base-exploiting strategy and home-baseaugmenting strategy. We do this using a large database on the patenting activities of MNCs across a range of different countrie...

Abstract: In the context of internationalization, we study the impact of a firm’s breadth and depth on its performance using quantile regression. Quantile regression allows us to study the effects of internationalization on performance at various quantiles of conditional performance distribution. Our results suggest that breadth (measured by the number of foreign countries where a firm has dire...

The internationalization of firms has reached levels never seen before. As a consequence and in order to face the new competitive challenges of globalized markets, industrial small and medium-sized enterprises must be able to adapt to new organizational approaches, to innovate and to further develop their networks. Based on a case study, this chapter reviews the literature on internationalizati...

The paper presents the results of a new survey on the international activities of Norwegian enterprises in the service industries. The survey focuses on three main internationalization channels: international sales, international cooperation and R&D outsourcing. The empirical analysis studies the relevance of these channels, and investigates the related strategies, objectives and determinants. ...

Are firms born Global? Because knowledge spillovers that lead to new venture creation are geographically constrained we believe that firms are born local. It follows that the decision to create sustainable new ventures is independent from the decision to internationalize, even if that is the ultimate goal of the firm. We explore two avenues to internationalize new ventures, a direct path descri...

Character internationalization poses difficult problems for database management systems because they must address user (stored) data, source code, and metadata. The revised (1992) standard for database language SQL is one of the first standards to address internationalization in a significant way. DEC Rdb is one of the few Digital products that has a complete internationalization (Asian) implem...