Nutritional support is often an integral part of patient management. There are three principal access routes used for nutrient delivery: oral, enteral (tube feeding) and parenteral. Tube feeding is indicated for those patients who, in the presence of a functional gastrointestinal tract, cannot, should not or will not consume adequate nutrition orally. A number of different routes may be used in...

We here address the modelling of an aerosol hitting the walls of the airways or an endotracheal tube used for a mechanical ventilation, and the possible creation of secondary droplets that may follow. We present a kinetic modelling of the spray-wall interaction and propose a boundary term that takes into account the possible formation of secondary droplets. Next we answer the following question...

Spontaneous pneumothorax during pregnancy is a rare but serious condition. The typical symptoms of spontaneous include pleuritic chest pain and shortness breath. Diagnosis usually made on X-ray with abdominal shielding. Management differs according to severity no specific guidelines are described for management in pregnancy. We report case 27-year-old multigravida, insignificant past medical hi...

The majority of known bacteriophages have long noncontractile tails (Siphoviridae) that serve as a pipeline for genome delivery into the host cytoplasm. The tail extremity distal from the phage head is an adsorption device that recognises the bacterial receptor at the host cell surface. This interaction generates a signal transmitted to the head that leads to DNA release. We have determined str...

The contractile tail of bacteriophage T4 is a molecular machine that facilitates very high viral infection efficiency. Its major component is a tail sheath, which contracts during infection to less than half of its initial length. The sheath consists of 138 copies of the tail sheath protein, gene product (gp) 18, which surrounds the central non-contractile tail tube. The contraction of the shea...

Although the trafficking of newly synthesized VEGFR2 to the plasma membrane is a key determinant of angiogenesis, the molecular mechanisms of Golgi to plasma membrane trafficking are unknown. Here, we have identified a key role of the kinesin family plus-end molecular motor KIF13B in delivering VEGFR2 cargo from the Golgi to the endothelial cell surface. KIF13B is shown to interact directly wit...

Developmental phases surrounding the processes of gametic delivery and fusion were examined ultrastructurally in the reduced megagametophyte of Plumbago zeylanica, which lacks synergids. Gametic delivery occurs at the end of pollen tube growth and results in deposition of two male gametes, a vegetative nucleus, and a limited amount of pollen cytoplasm between the egg and central cell. Discharge...

OBJECTIVE Current guidelines recommend enteral nutrition in critically ill adults; however, poor gastric motility often prevents nutritional targets being met. We hypothesized that early nasojejunal nutrition would improve the delivery of enteral nutrition. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Seventeen multidisciplinary, closed, medical/surgical, intensive care units i...

Background: Introduction of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery has guided the researchers to discover the function of essential vital or virulence factor genes in the microorganisms such as fungi. In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, the gene sidB plays an essential role in septation, conidiation and vegetative hyphal growth. In the present study, we benefited from the RNAi strate...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Resuscitation guidelines recommend that respiratory support should be given to newborns via a face mask (FM) in the delivery room (DR). Respiratory support given to preterm newborns via a single nasal prong (SNP; ie, short nasal tube, nasopharyngeal tube) may be more effective. We wished to determine whether giving respiratory support to preterm newborns with a SNP rath...