background and aims: hdv is a defective satellite virus and classified in genus deltavirus. its disease is related and limited to hbv-infected patients. acute infection of delta agent occurs in two different patterns simultaneous infection with both hbv & hdv or super infection of chronically hbv infected patients that lead to more sever type of hepatitis. according to genetic diversity of geno...

For a ring endomorphism $alpha$ and an $alpha$-derivation $delta$, we introduce a concept, so called skew $pi$-Armendariz ring, that is a generalization of both $pi$-Armendariz rings, and $(alpha,delta)$-compatible skew Armendariz rings. We first observe the basic properties of skew $pi$-Armendariz rings, and extend the class of skew $pi$-Armendariz rings through various ring extensions. We nex...

In this paper we present a parallel three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solver for incompressible two-phase flow problems with surface tension. It employs a standard finite difference discretization on uniform Cartesian staggered grids and uses Chorin’s projection approach. The free surface between the two fluid phases is tracked with a level-set approach. Here, the interface conditions are implici...

This article examines annihilators in the skew polynomial ring $R[x;alpha,delta]$. A ring is strongly right $AB$ if everynon-zero right annihilator is bounded. In this paper, we introduce and investigate a particular class of McCoy rings which satisfy Property ($A$) and the conditions asked by P.P. Nielsen. We assume that $R$ is an ($alpha$,$delta$)-compatible ring, and prove that, if $R$ is ni...

We numerically study Lyapunov spectra and the maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) in products of real symplectic correlated random matrices, each of which is generated by a modified Bernoulli map. We can systematically investigate the influence of the correlation on the Lyapunov exponents because the statistical properties of the sequence generated by the map, whose correlation function shows power...

A field extension R of the real numbers is presented. It has similar algebraic properties as ; for example, all roots of positive numbers exist, and the structure C obtained by adjoining the imaginary unit is algebraically complete. The set can be totally ordered and contains infinitely small and infinitely large quantities. Under the topology induced by the ordering, the set becomes Cauchy co...

In this study, a mixed $delta$-shock model with discrete-time is defined by combining $delta$-shock and extreme shock models. In this model, a system with multiple states fails in two ways: first, when k interarrival times between two consecutive shocks with magnitude larger than the critical threshold $gamma$ are in $[delta_1, delta _2], delta_1 < delta _2$; and second, when the interarrival t...