Article history: Received 2 April 2008 Received in revised form 12 May 2009 Accepted 4 June 2009

Unsupervised learning is one type of machine with an exceptionally high number applications in various fields. The most popular and best-known group unsupervised methods clustering methods. main goal to find hidden relationships between individual observations. There great interest different density estimation methods, especially when there are outliers the data. Density also can be applied dat...

Clustering methods in data mining are widely used to detect hotspots many domains. They play an increasingly important role the era of big data. As advanced algorithm, density peak clustering (DPC) algorithm is able deal with arbitrary datasets, although it does not perform well when dataset includes multiple densities. The parameter selection cut-off distance dc normally determined by users’ e...