Life history evolution of many clonal plants takes place with long periods of exclusively clonal reproduction and under largely varying ramet densities resulting from clonal reproduction. We asked whether life history traits of the clonal herb Ranunculus reptans respond to density-dependent selection, and whether plasticity in these traits is adaptive. After four generations of exclusively clon...

The standard endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) approach of cystogastrostomy involves the use of series of plastic pigtail stents that are placed through the wall of the cyst. The use of a single stent has also been described in the literature. Here we describe five cases of EUS-guided cystogastrostomy with irrigation of infected pancreatic pseudocysts using a single self-expandable metal stent (SEMS)...

A study is made into the effect of the critical current density dependence upon the value of plastic strain on the critical state stability in hard and composite superconductors under conditions of plastic yield of the material. There have been found criteria of the critical state stability relative to the jointly developing magnetic flux jumps and plastic strain jerks.

Water scarcity is an important obstacle to the development and expansion of urban landscape in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Nowadays organic and artificial materials can be used to reducing water consumption without reducing the quality and quantity of urban landscape. In order to study of the effect of some mulch type on the reduce of irrigation interval on a popular seasonal p...

Experimental observations of an increase in resistance with decreasing specimen size and under the presence of non-uniform plastic deformation fields have pushed the development for small scale plasticity theories since the early 90’s. The observed phenomenon has been explained in terms of an accumulation of a density of geometrically necessary dislocations, which is required in order to accomm...

this study aimed at application of optimization standards of water consumption in swimming pools of urmia. for this purpose, all 13 swimming pools of urmia were studied as the statistical sample of the study. the data were collected through a questionnaire and a checklist obtained based on the standards of standard institution and industrial studies (1388) and the office of national legislation...

Film hole irrigation is an advanced low-cost and high-efficiency irrigation method, which can improve water conservation and water use efficiency. Given its various advantages and potential applications, we conducted a laboratory study to investigate the effects of soil texture, bulk density, initial soil moisture, irrigation depth, opening ratio (ρ), film hole diameter (D), and spacing on cumu...

In the area where the high quality water is not available, unconventional water sources are used to irrigate. Household leachate is one of the sources which are used in dry and semi dry areas in order to water the barer trees and plants. It meets the plants needs and also has some effects on the soil, but at the same time it might cause some problems as well. This study in order to evaluate the...