Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods of visual magnification (operating microscope and light head magnifying glass) for removal of composite flash around orthodontic metal brackets. Material and Methods: Brackets were bonded in the center of the clinical crown of sixty well-preserved human premolars. Half of the sample was bonded with conventional Transbond...

In dentistry, elevator instruments are used to luxate teeth, and this technique imparts forces to tooth particles that sever the periodontal ligament around tooth roots inside the socket and expand alveolar bone around tooth particles. These effects can result in extraction of the tooth particles or facilitate systematic forceps extraction of the tooth particles. This article presents basic ora...

Introduction: Endodontists have often bragged they can accomplish a lot of their work blindfolded basically in light the fact that there "isn't anything to see." The reality situation is an incredible arrangement Over most recent fifteen years for both non-careful and careful endodontics, has been blast new innovations, instruments materials(1). These advancements improved accuracy with which e...

OBJECTIVE To analyze whether less cumbersome loupes are as equally efficacious as the microscope for magnification for free tissue transfers in head and neck reconstruction. DESIGN A 7-year retrospective review of 151 consecutive microvascular free tissue transfers compares the operating microscope with loupe magnification. SETTING A tertiary care medical center. PATIENTS A total of 151 c...

Although operating microscopes are readily available in ophthalmic operating theatres certain procedures are more conveniently done without them and some surgeons prefer spot-lights rather than the large shadow-free theatre lamps. Single or twin spot-lights, unlike the large theatre lamps, produce little reflection off such tissues as the cornea which could obscure details of structures behind....

Lasers, including C 0 2 lasers operating around A = 10 pm, are being used frequently in dental soft tissue surgery and some dental hard tissue applications. In addition, pulsed C 0 2 laser irradiation has been applied successfully for in vitro caries (dental decay) prevention or retardati0n.l For this application the laser is used for very localized surface heat treatment with or without induci...