The objective of this paper is to study the impact of depth perception and movement freedom on learning surgical tasks by novice subjects using new laparoscopic technology.

Contrast thresholds for stereoscopic depth identification (crossed or uncrossed) were measured as a function of disparity using isoluminant (red-green) and isochromatic (yellow-black) 0.5 c/deg Gabor patches. For the purposes of comparison stimulus contrasts were scaled by their respective detection thresholds. The detection thresholds employed were computed from the monocular detection thresho...

The Two Faces of Diversity Biologists readily talk of genetic, physiological, morphological, behavioral, and organismal diversity. Indeed, every taxon is ultimately defined on the basis of some combination of variation at each of these levels of description, most of which are readily apparent and uncontested. Mammals are endothermic, whereas reptiles are exothermic. Birds can fly. Fish breathe ...

post failure analysis of massive structure infers that soil-structure interaction (ssi) is a crucial phenomena influencing seismic response of massive structures. cable-stayed bridge’s popularity and numbers are increasing now-a-days because of economical longer span & aesthetic good look. the current paper examines the effect of depth of foundation on seismic response of cable-stayed bridg...

this paper deals with the assessment of the depth of the modern anesthesia. a new classification is proposed and a test is designed for monitoring the movement of the hand during complete relaxation.