A scientific controversy retains often some controversial sides after its fundamentals have well been explained. This is particularly true for the controversy that arose in Italy in the second half of the eighteen century between the anatomist Luigi Galvani, and the physicist Alessandro Volta, around the intrinsic nature of nerve and muscular function. The two scientists were providing, almost ...

A cursory review of scholarly articles concerning community colleges will undoubtedly result in references to the “cooling out” function academic advising. This theory remains among one most cited critiques these institutions date. Many scholars have debated accuracy assertion, arguing that college advisors warmed up rather than cooled out their student aspirations. Interestingly, despite preva...

Abstract Democracy is one of the most contested words in English language. In Africa, these complexities are compounded by question whether democracy a colonial imposition. Cheeseman and Sishuwa provide historiography debates around democracy, track how narratives have developed over time, argue that there widespread public support for form what they call “consensual democracy.” This not to say...

The long-running controversy over typological concept use in archaeological investigations hinges on whether such procedures introduce assumptions, and channel interpretations, ways that can equate analytical groups with bounded cultural-historical units inappropriately. James A. Ford's writings, reaction to the arguments of Albert Spaulding, have often been cited as founding instance this crit...

Although fertility rates are falling in many countries, Europe is the continent with the lowest. As men and women choose to have fewer children, total fertility rates in Europe have fallen below replacement levels: for a total fertility rate of 1.5, the rate is around 1.7 children per woman for the cohorts born in 1965. This is due to individual decisions arising from the instability of modern ...