The increasing level of urbanization growth has created many environmental problems which threaten urban life in the most of developing countries. Many different spatial models are used world wide for urban facility site selection. The most common models such as fuzzy logic, regression, artificial neural network, index overlay and taxonomy which each has its advantages and weaknesses. Today urb...

The roots of the Healthy Cities concept may be traced back to 1844, when the Health of Towns Association was formed in the United Kingdom to deliberate on Edwin Chadwick’s reports about poor living conditions in towns and cities. The revival of those concerns in the ‘‘new public health’’ era dates from the Healthy Toronto 2000 convention in 1984 and, subsequently, the enthusiasm of the World He...

The roots of the Healthy Cities concept may be traced back to 1844, when the Health of Towns Association was formed in the United Kingdom to deliberate on Edwin Chadwick’s reports about poor living conditions in towns and cities. The revival of those concerns in the ‘‘new public health’’ era dates from the Healthy Toronto 2000 convention in 1984 and, subsequently, the enthusiasm of the World He...

Developed, modern cities throughout the world are facing population declines at an unprecedented scale. Over the last fifty years, 370 cities throughout the world with populations over 100,000 have shrunk by at least 10% (Oswalt and Rieniets 2007). Wide swaths of the U.S., Canada, Europe, and Japan are projecting double-digit declines in population in the coming decades. Internationally, schola...