A key problem in organismal biology is to explain the origins of functional diversity. In the context of organismal biology, functional diversity describes the set of phenotypes, across scales of biological organization and through time, that a single genotype, or genome, or organism, can produce. Functional diversity encompasses many phenomena: differences in cell types within organisms; physi...

Sex differences in the developmental origins of hypertension and cardio-renal disease 1 2 Jeffrey S. Gilbert * and Mark J. Nijland 3 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth; 5 Duluth Medical Research Institute 6 The Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research and the Department of Obstetrics and 7 Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Ce...

1Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital l’Archet 2, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06202 Nice, France 2Inserm U1065-C3M, Equipe 2, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06204 Nice, France 3InsermU1151-CNRSUMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France 4Department of Developmental and Molecular Biol...

Oh Sung Kwon, Ruth E. Tanner, Katherine M. Barrows, Marah Runtsch, J. David Symons, Thunder Jalili, Benjamin T. Bikman, Donald A. McClain, Ryan M. O’Connell, and Micah J. Drummond Departments of Physical Therapy, Pathology and Exercise and Sport Science and Divisions of Nutrition and Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Department of Physiology a...

Jyothi Arikkath,1 Inbal Israely,2 Yanmei Tao,5 Lin Mei,5 Xin Liu,2,3,4 and Louis F. Reichardt1 1Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, Departments of 2Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and 4Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and 5Prog...

The teen years have long been noted as a time of dramatic changes in body and behaviour. Insight into the neurobiology underlying these cognitive and behaviour changes has been greatly enhanced by the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which allows safe and unprecedented access to the anatomy and physiology of the living brain. Longitudinal MRI studies are beginning to map out the deve...

Three papers, two in a recent issue of Nature and one in the July issue of Developmental Cell, identify a family of F box proteins as the long-sought receptors for the plant growth hormone auxin. The new studies reveal that auxin, a small molecule, regulates F box proteins, which are involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. This finding has profound implications for understanding pla...

Zbigniew Adamski 1, 2 Eliza Rybska and Jerzy Błoszyk 4, 5 Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory/2 Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland, The Faculty Laboratory for Teaching Biology and Natural Science. Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland, Department of General Zoology/5 Natural H...

FUSHUN YU,1,2 STEN GÖTHE,3 LILIAN WIKSTRÖM,3 DOUGLAS FORREST,4 BJÖRN VENNSTRÖM,3 AND LARS LARSSON1,2 1Noll Physiological Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6900; 2Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute/Karolinska Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm; 3Laboratory of Developmental Biology...