The Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm is an optimal control method with generalization capacity for complex nonlinear coupled systems. However, the DRL agent maintains command saturation and response overshoot to achieve fastest response. In this study, a reference model-based strategy termed Model-Reference Twin Delayed Deterministic (MR-TD3) was proposed controlling pitch attitude d...

Ordered prime spectra of Boolean products of bounded DRl-monoids are described by means of their decompositions to the prime spectra of the components.

The ability of two HLA-DR.-expressing human T cell clones to function as antigen-presenting ceils (APC) was investigated using highly purified T cells. The results demonstrated that these T cell clones are unable to act as autonomous APC, and that recognition of nominal or alloantigens on the surface of T cells leads to a state of nonresponsiveness. The first observation was that a T cell done ...

Battery energy storage (BES) is a versatile resource for the secure and economic operation of microgrids (MGs). Prevailing stochastic optimization-based approaches BES expansion planning MGs are computationally complicated. This work proposes data-driven bi-level multi-period framework to determine siting, sizing, timing installations. The proposed unifies deep reinforcement learning (DRL) line...

The concept of diagnostic reference range (DRR) is introduced to address the balance between a patient’s risk (radiation dose) and benefit (image quality necessary for an accurate diagnosis). R provides minimum estimated dose that covers 25–75% distribution. International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP (2017) recommended 75th percentile as upper d 25th lower limit DRR [1]. Dose bel...

A quick way of gaining a first impression of a formalism is looking at concrete examples. The sentence Arthur attends the Prague meeting. is turned into the following representation by the PLAIN parser: (UTTERANCE: assertion': clause type[main] (< PROPOSITION: attend: verb form[finite] tense[present] person[3rd] number[singular] (< SUBJECT: Arthur: noun person[3rd] number[singular]) (> DIROBJEC...

Studies in monkeys have shown substantial neuronal reorganization and behavioral recovery during the months following a cervical dorsal root lesion (DRL; Darian-Smith [2004] J. Comp. Neurol. 470:134-150; Darian-Smith and Ciferri [2005] J. Comp. Neurol. 491:27-45, [2006] J. Comp. Neurol. 498:552-565). The goal of the present study was to identify ultrastructural synaptic changes post-DRL within ...

High-dose methamphetamine (METH) causes damage to the dopamine and serotonin neurons in the brains of laboratory animals. The purpose of this report was to determine the long-term consequences of high-dose METH treatment on behavior and neurochemistry. Rats were trained on the differential reinforcement of low-rate 72-s (DRL 72-s) schedule of reinforcement. Twelve weeks after training began (ag...