Soot particulates are sampled from a EURO-IV standards diesel engine and investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) and thermal gravimetry (TG). The experiments reveal a drastic reduction of primary particle size down to less than 20 nm, much smaller than that emitted by earlier diesel engines (EURO I-III). HRTEM reveals primary particles with deformed fullerenoid structures. T...

Non-road diesel engines are significant contributors to air pollution in the United States (USEPA, 2004). These engines emit particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and other pollutants. The Clean Air Non-road Diesel Rule was put in place to reduce emission levels from agricultural, construction, and industrial diesel powered equipment. This rule calls for a reduct...

Ethyl levulinate (EL) can be produced from bio-based levulinic acid (LA) and ethanol. Experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate and compare the performances and exhaust emission levels of ethyl levulinate as an additive to conventional diesel fuel, with EL percentages of 5%, 10%, 15% (with 2% n-butanol), and 20% (with 5% n-butanol), in a horizontal single-cylinder four stroke diese...

Exhaust emissions from thirteen compressed natural gas (CNG) and nine ultralow sulphur diesel in-service transport buses were monitored on a chassis dynamometer. Measurements were carried out at idle and at three steady engine loads of 25%, 50% and 100% of maximum power at a fixed speed of 60 km h(-1). Emission factors were estimated for particle mass and number, carbon dioxide and oxides of ni...

Nowadays, increased attention has been focused on internal combustion engine fuels. Regarding environmental effects of internal combustion engines particularly as sources of pollution and depletion of fossil fuels, compressed natural gas has been introduced as an alternative to gasoline and diesel fuels in many applications. A high research octane number which allows combustion at higher co...

In this study, preheated crude sunflower oil at 75C was used in a fourcylinder, naturally aspirated, indirect injection diesel engine. The experiments were conducted at the constant engine speeds under the full load condition of the engine to determine the performance, combustion, and injection characteristics of test fuels. The engine test results have been compared with the reference values t...

The main reason for using alternative fuels in compression ignition engine is that the consumption and demand of petroleum products are increasing every year due to urbanization, increase in vehicular density and power requirement is going up and to reduce emission produced by today’s diesel engine, which in turns require a clean burning fuel that perform well under the variety of operating con...

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the technical feasibility of DME-Diesel blend as an alternative fuel for compression-ignition engines for automotive applications. DME is a synthetic fuel produced by the conversion of various feedstocks such as natural gas, coal, oil residues and bio-mass. The compatible properties such as high cetane number and low auto-ignition temperature with s...

In this study, the biodiesel produced from cottonseed oil was prepared by a method of Transesterification and its blends of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in volume, and standard diesel fuel separately. The effects of biodiesel addition to diesel fuel on the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of a naturally aspirated DI compression ignition engine were examined. Biodiesel has differe...

Due to the shortage of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for compression ignition engines, researchers have constantly been looking for alternative fuels. Recently, dim ethyl ether (DME) with its interesting properties, such as high cetane number and low exhaust emission has drawn a lot of interst as a suitable fuel for diesel engines. The main objective of this study was to assess the potentials and fe...