INTRODUCTION Month of Ramadan bring many changes in life style, especially the diet of Muslims all over the world among both fasting and nonfasting individuals. Hemodialysis patients are kept on restricted diet because of fluid and electrolytes imbalance. The aim of this study was to compare changes in the clinical and biochemical parameters in fasting and nonfasting hemodialysis patients durin...

A study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level and Gly and Thr supplementation on performance of male broiler chicks during the period of 0 to 21 days. Diets were formulated based on NRC (1994) recommendations (Lysine at 110% of suggested level). All diets were formulated to contain 3,200 ME kcal/kg. A minimum dietary electrolyte balance of 250 meq/kg was stipulat...

The paper featured in this JEB Classics article (Phillips, 1964c) is one of a trio of articles in Volume 41 of The Journal of Experimental Biology in which John Phillips examines the issue of active transport in the insect rectum (Phillips, 1964a,b,c). The rectum of insects is a highly aerobically active organ. Active transport, that is the coupling of metabolic energy to the movement of compou...

The disease chytridiomycosis is responsible for declines and extirpations of amphibians worldwide. Chytridiomycosis is caused by a fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) that infects amphibian skin. Although we have a basic understanding of the pathophysiology from laboratory experiments, many mechanistic details remain unresolved and it is unknown if disease development is similar in...

Albumin plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis within the body and depends on the cell membrane and the transport mechanism, including diffusion, osmosis, filtration, and active transport. The dissolved proteins, which are the only substances that do not penetrate the pores of the capillary membrane, are responsible for the osmotic pressure of the capillary membrane. Approximately 7...

Freshwater (FW) teleosts are capable of acclimating to seawater (SW) following such a transfer from FW. However, their osmoregulating mechanisms are still unclear, particularly those in the brain. The present study was conducted to examine acute changes that occur in brain Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, creatine kinase (CK) activity, creatine, creatinine contents, and ATP levels of tilapia (Oreoch...

We have examined the osmoregulatory capacities of laboratory populations of the insect Drosophila melanogaster by measuring hemolymph osmotic concentration during desiccation and upon recovery from a bout of desiccation. Recovery treatments entailed allowing the flies access to distilled water, a saline solution or a saline+sucrose solution after a desiccation bout shown to reduce hemolymph vol...

This study investigated fluid and electrolyte balance in well-trained male and female swimmers during 2 training sessions. Participants were 17 nationally ranked swimmers measured during a period of intensive training. Sweat loss was assessed from changes in body mass after correction for fluid intake and urine collection. Sweat composition was measured from waterproof absorbent patches applied...

The ionophore antimicrobial agents provide evidence that perturbations of the electrolyte balance of bacterial cells exert a growth-inhibitory activity. Several drugs acting on animal cell membranes have also been shown to be active on bacterial cells. In this paper, we report preliminary susceptibility studies showing that the class of potassium-sparing diuretics acting directly on monovalent ...

1. Describe normal and abnormal embryonic development of those systems. 2. Identify and describe normal and abnormal structures using information from several scientific disciplines. 3. Explain the rationale for using the solutions commonly used for intravenous administration and calculate the changes the infusions have on body fluid and electrolyte balance. 4. Identify and describe normal and ...