The empirical evidence on gender differences in the g-factor or general intelligence and various cognitive abilities remains contradictory. Some studies have found that there are no intelligence, while others between genders verbal, spatial, numerical as measured by standardized tests. This study aims to examine presence of differential item functioning (DIF) tests measure numerical, spatial/no...

METHODS. A pilot questionnaire was created by consulting the literature, clinicians, and video display terminal (VDT) workers. The replies of 636 subjects completing the questionnaire were assessed using the Rasch model and conventional statistics to generate a new scale, designated the Computer-Vision Symptom Scale (CVSS17). Validity and reliability were determined by Rasch fit statistics, pri...

This paper provides a review of procedures for detection of differential item functioning (DIF) for item response theory (IRT) and observed score methods for the graded response model. In addition, data from a test anxiety scale were analyzed to examine the congruence among these procedures. Data from Nasser, Takahashi, and Benson (1997) were reanalyzed for purposes of this study. The data were...

The aim of this study was to determine whether the items from a reading comprehension test in European Portuguese function differently across students from rural and urban areas, which biases the test validity and the equity in assessment. The sample was composed of 653 students from second, third and fourth grades. The presence of differential item functioning (DIF) was analysed using logistic...

In this article, the Rasch model is used for assessing a mean difference between two groups test of dichotomous items. It assumed that random differential item functioning (DIF) exists can bias group differences. The case balanced DIF distinguished from unbalanced DIF. DIF, effects on average cancel out. contrast, in expected value differ zero and favor particular group. Robust linking methods ...

This study elaborates the Rasch differential item functioning (DIF) model formulation under the marginal maximum likelihood estimation context. Also, the Rasch DIF model performance was examined and compared with the Mantel–Haenszel (MH) procedure in small sample and short test length conditions through simulations. The theoretically known relationship of the DIF estimators between the Rasch DI...

The validity of a measurement instrument depends on the quality of the items included in the instrument. The overall aim was to compare methods for detecting and measuring differential item functioning, DIF, in order to find a suitable method for examining DIF in a dichotomously scored criterion-referenced licensing test. The methods were discussed with respect to whether they are parametric, t...

This is the first study of the measurement equivalence of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) Anxiety short forms in a large ethnically diverse sample. The psychometric properties and differential item functioning (DIF) were examined across different racial/ethnic, educational, age, gender and language groups. METHODS These data are from individuals selecte...