We describe some modelling and reconstruction methods for optical imaging in the macroscopic and mesoscopic regimes. Beginning with the basic model of radiative transport, we describe the diffusion approximation and its extensions. Some linear and nonlinear problems in diffuse optical imaging are outlined, together with some indications of current trends and future directions.

“Diffuse” gamma rays consist of several components: truly diffuse emission from the interstellar medium, the extragalactic background, whose origin is not firmly established yet, and the contribution from unresolved and faint Galactic point sources. One approach to unravel these components is to study the diffuse emission from the interstellar medium, which traces the interactions of high energ...

We report the laparoscopic transhiatal thoracic duct ligation to solve postoperative chylothorax after right total pleurectomy for malignant diffuse mesothelioma. q 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

One way to better apprehend the problem of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) is to search for correlations between the bands in a large sample of spectra towards various lines of sight: a strict correlation may imply that a common carrier is at the origin of the bands, whereas a non-correlation means that different species are involved. We propose this observational test for 10 DIBs collected i...

Article history: Local, field-scale, VisNIR-DR Received 30 January 2008 Received in revised form 26 August 2008 Accepted 23 September 2008 Available online 1 November 2008

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity, which is characterized by chronic recurrent sinopulmonary infection and inflammation. We describe 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated with DPB and consider that DPB is one of the bronchopulmonary manifestations associated with RA.

Diffuse alopecia is mainly caused by telogen effluvium, diffuse androgenetic alopecia (female-pattern hair loss) and diffuse alopecia areata. Differential diagnosis between the three disorders may be difficult in several occasions. In this second part of our study, chronic telogen effluvium and diffuse alopecia areata are discussed in detail, including clinical, dermoscopic and histological asp...

The Image reconstruction is an important problem in optical tomography. The process of the image processing requires the study of photon migration in biological tissue. There are several approaches to study and simulate propagation of photons in biological tissues. These approaches are categorized into stochastic and analytical groups. The Monte Carlo method as a stochastic method is widely use...

A key step for success of marketer is to discover influential users who diffuse information and their followers have interest to this information and increase to diffuse information on social media. They can reduce the cost of advertising, increase sales and maximize diffusion of information.  A key problem is how to precisely identify the most influential users on social networks. In this pape...

Active diffuse loudspeaker arrays can be implemented by incorporating a distribution of small radiating elements each characterized by processes that embed a unique diffuse impulse response. The properties of synthetic diffuse impulses are investigated both individually and collectively and algorithmic generation techniques presented. The diffuse properties of such synthetic arrays are confirme...