Positronium time of flight (Ps-TOF) was measured by implanting slow positron pulses at variable energies into a nano-architectural silica thin film with two-dimensionally connected cage-like pores to investigate a continuity of the self-organized extremely thin diffusion barrier between the pores. By comparing a capped and open-pored low-k film, we found a Ps-TOF spectrum with positron implanta...

In this survey we shall focus on the following issues related to jump-diffusion models for asset pricing in financial engineering. (1) The controversy over tailweight of distributions. (2) Identifying a risk-neutral pricing measure by using the rational expectations equilibrium. (3) Using Laplace transforms to pricing options, including European call/put options, path-dependent options, such as...

ragonal transition at the equilibrium state occurs at about 550 OC. Here we have shown that under CH, atmosphere the onset temperature is lowered by at least 150 "C. This result is consistent with the assumption that the out-diffusion rate of oxygen in the YBaCuO compound is limited by a surface barrier of 1.7 eV, which is involved in the surface diffusion of 0species and the further formation ...