Non-induced expectorated sputum (NIS) stained with tinctorial stains is not considered useful in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The diagnostic yield of NIS was evaluated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, when stained with a more sensitive direct fluorescent antibody for PCP-direct fluorescent antibody (PC-DFA). A retrospective analysis was carried ...

Specimens for chlamydial isolation culture and direct fluorescent antibody cytology (DFA) were collected from 1671 women and children from a trachoma-endemic area in Central Tanzania. Trachoma was graded using the new World Health Organization grading scheme, and 54% of the children and 9% of the women had inflammatory trachoma (TF or TI). DFA, using the presence of five elementary bodies as th...

A procedure for staining mycoplasmata colonies directly on agar blocks for examination by fluorescent microscopy is described. Areas of the agar surface appropriate for staining were demarcated by use of Lucite cylinders. Direct fluorescent-antibody staining was superior to indirect staining. The technique was very useful for determining whether cultures were mixed and for identification of myc...

Consider the DFA on the right. It has a particular defined start state. However, we could start it from any of its states. If the original DFA was named M , define Mq to be the DFA with its start state changed to state q. Then the language Lq, is the one accepted if you start at q. For example, in this picture, L3 is (a+b)∗, and L6 is the same. Also, L2 and L5 are both b∗a(a+b)∗. Finally, L7 is...

Low probability of detection (LPD) communications are conducted at a low received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to deter eavesdroppers to sense the presence of the transmitted signal. Successful detection at intended receiver heavily relies on the processing gain achieved by employing the direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technique. For scenarios that lack a sufficiently low SNR to maintain ...

In this chapter we discuss how symbolic knowledge in the form of DFAs can be extracted from trained DRNs. We give an overview of various methods that have been proposed for DFA extraction and give a in-depth discussion of two methods that use fundamentally diierent approaches: Dynamic space exploration uses a cluster analysis for identifying DFA states and transitions whereas a proposed machine...

The objective of this work was to compare the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using lesion scrapping with other conventional techniques for the diagnosis of the American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). For this, patients with cutaneous lesions suspected to be ATL were studied. The DNA was amplified with the MP1L/MP3H primers. From the 156 studied patients, 79 (50.6%) presented positive parasit...

We consider a natural generalization of the well studied Genocchi numbers This generalization proves useful in enumerating the class of deterministic nite automata DFA which accept a nite language We also link our generalization to the method of Gandhi polynomials for generating Genocchi numbers Introduction and Motivation The study of Genocchi numbers and their combinatorial interpretations ha...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which vowel metrics are capable of distinguishing healthy from dysarthric speech and among different forms of dysarthria. METHOD A variety of vowel metrics were derived from spectral and temporal measurements of vowel tokens embedded in phrases produced by 45 speakers with dysarthria and 12 speakers with no history of neurologic...

Surveys often contain sensitive questions, i. e., questions about private, illegal, or socially undesirable behavior. When asked directly in standard survey formats, respondents tend to underreport these behaviors, yielding biased results. One method that promises more valid estimates than direct questioning (DQ) is the item count technique (ICT). In this paper, the methodological pros and cons...