The effects of in-cylinder water injection on a direct injection (DI) Diesel engine were studied using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program based on the Kiva-3v code. The spray model is validated against experimental bomb data with good agreement for vapor penetration as a function of time. It was found that liquid penetration increased approximately 35% with 23% of the fuel volume repl...

Direct intramyocardial injection may permit local delivery of protein and gene therapy agents for myocardial and coronary artery disease. Little is known about the immediate fate of materials administered via percutaneous endomyocardial catheters or via surgical epicardial injection. In this study, we use a novel method to evaluate the acute retention of agents injected directly into the myocar...

This paper presents a model for generating a MAC tag by injecting the input message directly into the internal state of a nonlinear filter generator. This model generalises a similar model for unkeyed hash functions proposed by Nakano et al. We develop a matrix representation for the accumulation phase of our model and use it to analyse the security of the model against man-in-the-middle forger...

The use of X-ray photography following injection of iophendylate to verify that intraventricular injections in mice have been satisfactorily accomplished is misleading since it fails to detect leakage into the periphery. Radioactive labelling reveals that a substantial proportion of the injected material is rapidly carried to the periphery in the bloodstream.

In this study performance characteristics of ammonia engines using direct injection strategies are investigated. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel, and thus its combustion does not produce carbon dioxide, a critical greenhouse gas. Ammonia can be produced by using renewable energy sources (e.g., wind and solar) and used as an energy carrier. Recent research also has shown that the efficiency of sol...

The topic of this paper is the object oriented modeling of a Common Rail Direct Injection System of a gasoline engine. The injection system of a gasoline engine is described; the main functional elements are detailed and an object oriented implementation using the Modelica language is proposed. The availability of a fast and easily reconfigurable simulator allows to study how different parts of...