Hypersonic heating computations are still challenging due to difficulties in “A) robust capturing of shockwaves” and “B) accurate prediction of heating.” Based on our numerical survey for A), we found that the dissipation inside the numerical shock wave structure (where no physical or mathematical explanation is valid) must be proportional to Mach number, in contrast to Mach independent dissipa...

BACKGROUND Turbulence intensity, or hydromechanical stress, is a parameter that influences a broad range of processes in the fields of chemical engineering and biotechnology. Fermentation processes are often characterized by high agitation and aeration intensity resulting in high gas void fractions of up to 20% in large scale reactors. Very little experimental data on hydromechanical stress for...

We study the nonequilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) in the glass phase of Bouchaud's trap model. We incorporate an arbitrary observable m and obtain its correlation and response functions in closed form. A limiting nonequilibrium FDT plot is approached at long times for most choices of m. In contrast to standard mean field models, however, the shape of the plot depends nontriviall...

J. Schulenborg(1),∗ R. B. Saptsov(2,3),∗ F. Haupt, J. Splettstoesser, and M. R. Wegewijs (1) Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41298 Göteborg, Sweden (2) Institute for Theory of Statistical Physics, RWTH Aachen, 52056 Aachen, Germany (3) JARAFundamentals of Future Information Technology (4) JARA Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aac...

I examine the arguments which have been given for a quantum Langevin equation and a quantum fluctuation-dissipation relations. I argue that there is no reliable derivation of these relations beyond the simple (but important) case where all the equations of motion are linear.

We study the dynamics of two-dimensional surface gravity waves of fluid in a channel. The viscous dissipation in the bulk of the fluid is assumed to be negligible by comparing with the dissipation in the vicinity of the contact line. Capillarity effects are not considered. Dissipation in the vicinity of the contact line is described by contact line dissipation model suggested in de Ruijter et a...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Under high photon flux, excitation energy may be in excess in aluminum (Al)-treated leaves, which use a smaller fraction of the absorbed light in electron transport due to decreased CO2 assimilation compared with normal leaves. The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that the antioxidant systems are up-regulated in Al-treated citrus leaves and correlate with...

Abstract About 30% of the world’s primary energy consumption is in friction. The economic losses caused by friction dissipation and wear account for about 2%–7% its gross domestic product (GDP) different countries every year. key to reducing control way process. However, due many various factors affecting lack efficient detection methods, mechanism still a challenging problem. Here, we firstly ...