We consider problems of (new) station placement along (existing) railway tracks, so as to increase the number of users. We prove that, in spite of the NP-hardness for the general version, some interesting cases can be solved exactly by a suitable dynamic programming approach. For variants in which we also take into account existing connections between cities and railway tracks (streets, buses, ...

Introduction: Regarding the anatomic variety in the anterior mandible it is necessary to obtain adequate information about the vital structures in this area to protect them in dental surgeries and preventing injuries that might occur afterwards. The aim of this study is to describe anatomic characteristics of mental foramen and anterior loop on CBCT images.  Materials and Methods: On CBCT imag...

The red giant clump has been recently argued to be a reliable distance indicator for the galaxies in the Local Group. The accuracy of distance determinations based on this method, however, depend on the possible presence of systematic magnitude differences (∆M I ) between the local clump revealed by the Hipparcos colour-magnitude diagram, and the clump stars observed in distant galaxies. In thi...

Long-period teleseismic P and S waves from the WWSS and Canadian networks are modeled to determine the focal parameters for the main shock in the Oroville earthquake series. Using the techniques of P first motions, wave-form synthesis, and phase identification, the focal parameters are determined as follows: dip 65°; rake 70°; strike 180°; depth 5.5 + 1.5 km; moment 5.7 _+ 2.0 x 1024 dyne-cm; a...

The Indonesian government has allocated the 3.3-3.4 GHz band, which is adjacent to the extended Cband 3.4-3.7 GHz, for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) services. The country has been using the extended C-band for Fixed Satellite Service (FSS). This research shows the interference potential between the two systems if an adjacent band is allocated for them. Using a clutter loss of 10 dB and site s...

The spatial concentration of ideas is central to economic geography. Yet, how proximity to research affects productivity is not well studied. We use the late 19th century establishment of agricultural experiment stations in the United States to estimate the importance of proximity to research for productivity growth. Our analysis of county-level agricultural census data from 1870 to 2000 reveal...

We give an estimate of the relative error in the angular measurement of observations for high redshift objects induced by gravitational scatterings (lensing). Gunn (1967) concluded that the gravitational scatterings by galaxies induce the relative error of a few percent in the observations for objects at z = 1. This estimate has been considered as a fundamental limitation of accuracy of the ang...

ozone concentration in metropolitan areas frequently exceed regulatory standards now. since it is harmful on human health and environment, its modeling and visualization are of vital important. modeling and prediction of ozone is required by urban managers to control and prevent its effects. in this paper, important parameters influencing the hourly ozone concentration are estimated by using da...