When we disagree, we want our disagreements to be substantive. Substantive disagreements require agreement on what the disagreement is about, which in turn requires mutual understanding. Lack of mutual understanding comes from two kinds of defects: hidden differences in how the parties understand some expression, or hidden differences in what they take to be the context in which their views are...

Intelligent systems can be modeled by organizationally closed networks of interacting agents. An interesting step in the evolution from agents to systems of agents is to approach logic itself as a system of autonomous elementary processes called distinctions. Distinction networks are directed acyclic graphs in which links represent logical implication and nodes are autonomous agents which act i...