Sleep spindles are approximately 1 s bursts of 10-16 Hz activity that occur during stage 2 sleep. Spindles are highly synchronous across the cortex and thalamus in animals, and across the scalp in humans, implying correspondingly widespread and synchronized cortical generators. However, prior studies have noted occasional dissociations of the magnetoencephalogram (MEG) from the EEG during spind...

Due to safety concerns and the risks associated with an islanded system, current legislation has prohibited the islanded operation of distributed generation. However, operation of a temporary island may be a useful support to the main supply. In particular, in the event of an upstream supply outage, the temporary islanding operation of distributed generator (DG) can provide local supplies to cr...

Optimal power flow (OPF) study is conducted on a power system to achieve one of the following objectives: cost/loss minimization or available transfer capability (ATC) calculation in a deregulated environment. Distributed generation (DG) is a small source of electric power conversion from nonconventional energy sources and Hybrid DGs which often the most cost-effective and reliable way to produ...

The objective is to minimize the fuel cost during the grid-connected operation, while ensuring stable operation after islanding. To achieve this goal, the economic dispatch (ED) problem and related constraints are formulated. The constraints considered in this study are: i) reserve for variation in load demand, ii) reserve for variation in the power outputs of non-dispatch able DGs, iii) flow l...