Antennas of transmitters and receivers have been manipulated to increase the capacity of transmission and reception of signals. Using many elements in antennas to shape beams and direct nulls in a particular point for optimum signal transmission and reception has over decades, had tremendous positive influence in received power and signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, since the antenna element...

This paper presents the adaptive state allocation (ASA) algorithm, a new scheme based on maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) of signals transmitted over Rayleigh fading channels. Although MLSD is an optimal scheme, its computational complexity limits many applications. The ASA algorithm is a detection method whose performance is close to that of MLSD, but with greatly reduced computati...

This paper reviews the sequence of events in stimulus-secretion coupling in neurons and paraneurons which can be divided into three main steps: the reception of the stimuli, the conduction of excitation, and the extrusion of messenger substances. One physiological criterion of the paraneuron is that its conductile region is believed to be short enough to transmit the net electrogenesis to the o...

Despite over seventy years of broadcasting, Radio Nigeria (FRCN) network signals still have poor reception and sometimes total failure. Apart from the problems of attenuation, fading, distortion, interference and noise, which are age-long problems militating against the performance of a digital communication system, radio communications engineers also face some new challenges arising from bandw...

The purpose of this comment is to provide a critical discussion of the new method of performance analysis of diversity systems proposed in the abovementioned paper. It is shown that this method provides incorrect results for equal-gain and selective combining. A new method of performance analysis of two-branch receive diversity systems has been presented in the paper mentioned above.1 The main ...

The purpose of this comment is to provide a critical discussion of the new method of performance analysis of diversity systems proposed in the abovementioned paper. It is shown that this method provides incorrect results for equal-gain and selective combining. A new method of performance analysis of two-branch receive diversity systems has been presented in the paper mentioned above.1 The main ...

In Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) mechanism conserves the power of a User Equipment (UE) by monitoring the UE’s downlink channels for a specific period and turning off the UE’s radio when no packets arrive during the period. There has been heated discussion in previous studies, but most previous models of DRX operation are partially inconsistent with the...

In order to minimize the amount of energy consumption at the user equipment (UE) level, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) presented in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) an approach called discontinuous reception (DRX). Nevertheless, existing models for the LTE DRX and their extension to scenarios that support carrier aggregation (CA) and multi-stream carrier aggregation (MSCA) have seve...