Document structure is the intermediary result obtained through page segmentation, which is used in the analysis of the document image. The structure serves the purpose of extracting the shape of the document from paragraph up to character level in a hierarchical exploratory methodology for understanding the layout structure of the document image. The extracted layout forms a dominant feature wh...

In document image analysis, segmentation is the task that identifies the regions of a document. The increasing number of applications of document analysis requires a good knowledge of the available technologies. This survey highlights the variety of the approaches that have been proposed for document image segmentation since 2008. It provides a clear typology of documents and of document image ...

We propose in this paper a document image classification method. In contrary to most of existing systems, the proposed approach allow locating the document and recognizing its type simultaneously. First, a knowledge base of document models is created from reference images. Training images are not indispensable and though only one reference image is enough to create a document model. Then, key-p...

Character groundtruth for real, scanned document images is crucial for evaluating the performance of OCR systems, training OCR algorithms, and validating document degradation models. Unfortunately, manual collection of accurate groundtruth for characters in a real (scanned) document image is not practical because (i) accuracy in delineating groundtruth character bounding boxes is not high enoug...

The variety of displays used to browse and view images has created a need to adapt an image representation to the size constraints of a given display. In this paper a resolutionsensitive analysis of document images is performed that segments images into text and image regions using document layout analysis and JPEG 2000 header-based processing. Repurposing of the document for viewing on a given...

Word spotting is to make searchable unindexed image documents by locating word/words in a doc-ument image, given a query word. This problem is challenging, mainly due to the large numberof word classes with very small inter-class and substantial intra-class distances. In this paper, asegmentation-based word spotting method is presented for multi-writer Persian handwritten doc-...

Document image binarization is a vital pre-processing technique for document image analysis that segments text from badly degraded document images. In this paper, we propose a robust document image binarization technique that is based on the concept of adaptive image contrast. The adaptive image contrast which is formed by combining local image contrast and the local image gradient makes it tol...

We address the problem of content-based image retrieval in the context of complex document images. Complex document are documents that typically start out on paper and are then electronically scanned. These documents have rich internal structure and might only be available in image form. Additionally, they may have been produced by a combination of printing technologies (or by handwriting); and...

Character groundtruth for real, scanned document images is crucial for evaluating the performance of OCR systems, training OCR algorithms, and validating document degradation models. Unfortunately, manual collection of accurate groundtruth for characters in a real (scanned) document image is not practical because (i) accuracy in delineating groundtruth character bounding boxes is not high enoug...