Let G = (V,E) be a graph. A vertex dominates itself and all its neighbors, i.e., every vertex v ∈ V dominates its closed neighborhood N [v]. A vertex set D in G is an efficient dominating (e.d.) set for G if for every vertex v ∈ V , there is exactly one d ∈ D dominating v. An edge set M ⊆ E is an efficient edge dominating (e.e.d.) set for G if it is an efficient dominating set in the line graph...
