An important issue in affective neuroscience concerns the role of mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems in positive-valenced motivation (e.g., reward) versus negative-valenced motivation (e.g., fear). Here, we assessed whether endogenous dopamine receptor stimulation in nucleus accumbens contributes to both appetitive behavior and fearful behavior that is generated in keyboard manner by local glut...

a rapid, specific and accurate proton quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic (1h qnmr) and also a reversed phase derivatization hplc method have been developed to quantify a toxic, uv-visible inactive and non-volatile impurity n,n-dimethylamine hydrochloride (dma∙hcl) in metformin hydrochloride (mf∙hcl), an active pharmaceutical ingradient. the method is based on proton quantitat...

L-Dopa and amantadine hydrochloride were separately given to patients with diverse extra-pyramidal disorders including progressive supranuclear palsy; porto-systemic encephalopathy; oculogyric crises; drug-induced Parkinsonism; Huntington's chorea, hemiballismus; spasmodic torticollis, familial tremor; and athetosis. Akinesia and rigidity were improved in the first two conditions and simultaneo...

Dopamine modulates prefrontal cortex excitability in complex ways. Dopamine's net effect on local neuronal networks is therefore difficult to predict based on studies on pharmacologically isolated excitatory or inhibitory connections. In the present work, we have studied the effects of dopamine on evoked activity in acute rat brain slices when both excitation and inhibition are intact. Whole ce...

Vesicular sequestration is important in the regulation of cytoplasmic concentrations of monoamines such as dopamine. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that increases in cytoplasmic dopamine levels, perhaps attributable to changes in vesicular monoamine transporter function, contribute to methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic deficits. Hence, we examined whether striatal vesicular uptake is alte...

Methylphenidate (MPD) is one of the most prescribed drugs for alleviating the symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, changes in the molecular mechanisms related to MPD withdrawal and susceptibility to consumption of other psychostimulants in normal individuals or individuals with ADHD phenotype are not completely understood. The aims of the present study were: (i)...

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, "ecstasy") administration to mice produces relatively selective long-term neurotoxic damage to dopaminergic pathways. There is strong evidence indicating that the dopamine system plays a key role in the rewarding effects of ethanol and modulates ethanol intake. Using a two-bottle free-choice paradigm, we examined the voluntary consumption and preference ...