At present, anesthetist estimates initial anesthetic dose required to produce induction in general anesthesia. This paper proposes a fuzzy model for deciding this dose based on patient data (age, gender, height and weight) and computes the dose by defining IF-THEN rules between age and body surface area. Deviation of predicted initial anesthetic dose from the actual dose given by the anesthetis...

background: in vivo dosimetry is a method for estimation of overall error in the delivered dose to the patients at the end of radiotherapy process. in this research, two methods for target dose calculation were evaluated on midline and central axis of photon beams in in vivo dosimetry of thorax fields. materials and methods: entrance and exit doses for anterior and lateral fields of thorax were...

BACKGROUND After yttrium-90 ((90)Y) microsphere radioembolization (RE), evaluation of extrahepatic activity and liver dosimetry is typically performed on (90)Y Bremsstrahlung SPECT images. Since these images demonstrate a low quantitative accuracy, (90)Y PET has been suggested as an alternative. The aim of this study is to quantitatively compare SPECT and state-of-the-art PET on the ability to ...

introduction: esophageal cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers in iran and having a  high  incidence  rate  among  other  countries.  radiotherapy  is  one  of  the  three  methods  (surgery,  radiotherapy and chemotherapy) for radical or palliative treatment of esophageal cancer. in this method  of treatment, the organs such as heart and spinal cord are regarded as organs at r...

introduction radiation exposures from diagnostic medical examinations are generally low and are almost always justified by the benefits of accurate diagnosis of possible disease conditions. therefore, entrance skin dose (esd), body organ dose (bod), and effective dose (ed) from adult patients undergoing routine thorax posterior-anterior (pa) and thorax right lateral (rlat) were estimated in uni...

In this paper we investigate the large-sample behavior of the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the unknown parameter θ for processes following the model dξt = θf(t)ξt dt+ dBt where f : R → R is a continuous function with period, say P > 0, and which is observed through continuous time interval [0, T ] as T → ∞. Here the periodic function f(·) is assumed known. We establish the consistency o...

Moody’s KMV method is a popular commercial implementation of the structural credit risk model pioneered by Merton (1974). It is an algorithm for estimating the unobserved asset value and the unknown parameters required for implementing such a model. This estimation method has found its way to the recent academic literature, but it has not yet been formally analyzed to assess its statistical pro...

This paper introduces a new class of robust estimates for ARMA models. They are M-estimates, but the residuals are computed so the effect of one outlier is limited to the period where it occurs. These estimates are closely related to those based on a robust filter, but they have two important advantages: they are consistent and the asymptotic theory is tractable. We perform a Monte Carlo where ...

The behavior of maximum likelihood estimates (MLE’s) and the likelihood ratio statistic in a family of problems involving pointwise nonparametric estimation of a monotone function is studied. This class of problems differs radically from the usual parametric or semiparametric situations in that the MLE of the monotone function at a point converges to the truth at rate n (slower than the usual √...

Clock synchronization plays a crucial role in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Assuming that there is no clock skew between sensor nodes, the Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) of clock offset was derived by [1] for clock synchronization protocols assuming exponential random delays and a two-way message exchange mechanism as in TPSN (Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks [2]) or NTP (Network ...