wheat is a staple food in pakistan. production of wheat is increased with extensive use of phosphate based fertilizers in agricultural fields. activity mass concentration of primordial radionuclides due to use of phosphate fertilizers in soil enhances the external gamma dose and due to the consumption of wheat food grown on these soils also increases the internal dose. different types of soil, ...

background: delivering the maximum dose to tumor while achieving the minimum dose delivery to normal tissue; is the most important goal in external radiotherapy. diode in vivo dosimetry is widely considered to be an important tool for quality improvement of patient care in external radiotherapy. uncertainty in dose delivery should fall within 5% of the prescribed dose as recommended by internat...

ignoring two main characteristics of the concentration-response data, correlation between observations and presence of outliers, may lead to misleading results. therefore the special method should be considered. in this paper in to examine the effect of phenylephrine in rat corpus cavernosum, outlier robust nonlinear mixed estimation is used. in this study, eight different doses of phenylephrin...

Introduction Evaluation of the delivered dose of externally wedged photon beams by external diode dosimeters during the treatment process requires the estimation of exit surface dose correction factors in various wedge angles

In external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), skin dose measurement is important to evaluate dose coverage of superficial target volumes. Treatment planning systems (TPSs) are often inaccurate in this region of the patient, so in vivo measurements are necessary for skin surface dose estimation. In this work, superficial dose distributions were measured using radiochromic translucent poly(vinyl alc...

in recent years, some statisticians have studied the signal detection problem by using the random field theory. in this paper we have considered point estimation of the gaussian scale space random field parameters in the bayesian approach. since the posterior distribution for the parameters of interest dose not have a closed form, we introduce the markov chain monte carlo (mcmc) algorithm to ap...

Background Physicians use fixed C-arm fluoroscopy equipment with many interventional radiological and cardiological procedures. The associated effective dose to a patient is generally considered low risk, as the benefit-risk ratio almost certainly highly favorable. However, X-ray-induced skin injuries may occur due high absorbed doses from complex fluoroscopically guided interventions (FGI). Su...

BACKGROUND Because of the higher radiosensitivity of infants and children compared with adults, there is a need to evaluate the doses delivered to pediatric patients who undergo interventional cardiac procedures. However, knowledge of the effective dose in pediatric interventional cardiology is very limited. METHODS AND RESULTS For an accurate risk estimation, a patient-specific Monte Carlo s...

Introduction Accurate estimation of the skin-absorbed dose in external radiation therapy is essential to estimating the probability of secondary carcinogenesis induction Materials and Methods Electron contamination in prostate radiotherapy was investigated using the Monte Carlo (MC) code calculation. In addition, field size dependence of the skin dose was assessed. Excess cancer risk induced by...