Ontario initiated a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programme in 1989. This study utilized a benefit-cost analysis to determine if this ORV programme was economically worthwhile. Between 1979 and 1989, prior to ORV baiting, the average annual human post-exposure treatments, positive red fox rabies diagnostic tests and indemnity payments for livestock lost to rabies were 22...

let  be a banach algebra. let  be linear mappings on . first we demonstrate a theorem concerning the continuity of double derivations; especially that all of -double derivations are continuous on semi-simple banach algebras, in certain case. afterwards we define a new vocabulary called “-higher double derivation” and present a relation between this subject and derivations and finally give some ...

Current crop insurance is designed to mitigate monetary fluctuations resulting from yield losses for a specific year. However, yield realization tendency can vary from year to year and may depend on the correlation of yield realizations across years. When the current single-year Yield Protection (YP) and Area Risk Protection Insurance (ARPI) contracts are extended to multiple periods, actuarial...

Background: We reviewed medico‐legal cases related to extremity sarcoma malpractice in order to recognize those factors most commonly instigating sarcoma litigation. Methods: Over one million legal cases available in a national legal database were searched for malpractice verdicts and settlements involving extremity sarcoma spanning 1980–2012. We categorized verdict/settlement resolutions by st...

Using a new and rich data source on permanent disability claims, this article explores two issues relating to permanent partial disability (PPD) benefits. First, the process of determining the final disability rating, which affects the actual level of PPD benefits, is modeled. Differences between the initial impairment rating provided by the treating physician and the final disability rating ar...

The profitability of workers’ compensation insurance has improved dramatically over the past few years. At the same time the use of large insurance deductibles has been on the rise across the country. This is one of the first studies to empirically test whether deductibles are associated with changes in employer workers’ compensation costs, and hence, may be responsible for at least some of the...

where r is the risk free rate of interest, T is the time when the option expires, t is the current time, S(T) is a lognormal random variable related to the stock price S ( T ) at time T, k is the exercise price, and x + := max(x, 0). In insurance terms, ( L k) + represents the indemnity payment on a policy with a loss of L and a deductible k. The Black-Scholes price can also be regarded as the ...