We relate the Gromov norm on homology classes to harmonic dual cohomology and obtain double sided bounds in terms of volume other geometric quantities underlying manifold. Along way, we provide comparisons related norms as well.

In the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), force ripple is harmful, useless and disturbing. The force ripple is basically composed of two components: detent force and mutual force ripple. This force is influenced by the geometric parameters of the permanent magnet (PM) motors; such as width, thickness and length of the magnet poles, length and thickness of the rotor and stato...

Efficient homogeneous illumination of rectangular or circular areas with LEDs is a promising application for doublesided microlens arrays. Such illumination schemes employ a primary optics which can be realized with a concentrator or a collimation lens and a secondary optics with one or more double-sided microlens arrays and a collection optics for superposing the light from the individual arra...

a Department of physics, faculty of science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University,Takestan, IRAN. b Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box 1983963113, Tehran, IRAN. ________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Absorption dose distribution of onion powder in electron irradiation system has been numerically inve...

GaN micro-LEDs have been spotlighted as promising candidates for high-speed optical communication, which may become important components in 6G communication blueprint. To achieve a superior network covering sea, land and air we demonstrated cross-medium based on an 80 <tex-math notation="La...