Abstract Animals which migrate by flying should be subject to selection for optimal wing characteristics that maximize energy efficiency during migration. We investigated shape and area variation in the Globe Skimmer Dragonfly Pantala flavescens , has longest known migration of any insect. Wing differences between individuals southern Peninsular India, migrating at a stop-over site on Maldives,...

Here, a mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to represent transportation system of students traveling from/to university campus. The concept ridesharing used and the mechanism combinatorial auctions incorporated within routing-based model. mathematical based on vehicle routing problem along with appropriate constraints accommodating features that express auction clearing phase. A...

In recent years, several high-performance nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed. It is important to study and compare the convergence, computational burden statistical significance of these metaheuristics aid future developments. This focuses on six metaheuristics, namely, ant lion optimization (ALO), arithmetic algorithm (AOA), dragonfly (DA), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), s...