W hen collections of interacting particles are externally driven, they typically form strongly fluctuating states with short-lived structures or patterns that are continually created and destroyed, such as those found in turbulent fluids (1) or fluctuating granular matter (2). In some cases, however, such driven systems do not remain in a strongly fluctuating state but instead organize into a p...

Signals that drive interstitial fibrogenesis after renal ischemia reperfusion injury remain undefined. Sympathetic activation manifests even in the early clinical stages of chronic kidney disease and is directly related to disease severity. A role for renal nerves in renal interstitial fibrogenesis in the setting of ischemia reperfusion injury has not been studied. In male 129S1/SvImJ mice, isc...

The cell-cycle field has identified the core regulators that drive the cell cycle, but we do not have a clear map of the dynamics of these regulators during cell-cycle progression versus cell-cycle exit. Here we use single-cell time-lapse microscopy of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) activity followed by endpoint immunofluorescence and computational cell synchronization to determine the tempor...

Ag encounter in the absence of proliferation results in the establishment of T cell unresponsiveness, also known as T cell clonal anergy. Anergic T cells fail to proliferate upon restimulation because of the inability to produce IL-2 and to properly regulate the G(1) cell cycle checkpoint. Because optimal TCR and CD28 engagement can elicit IL-2-independent cell cycle progression, we investigate...

Precise control of cell cycle regulators is critical for normal development and tissue homeostasis. E2F transcription factors are activated during G1 to drive the G1-S transition and are then inhibited during S phase by a variety of mechanisms. Here, we genetically manipulate the single Drosophila activator E2F (E2f1) to explore the developmental requirement for S phase-coupled E2F down-regulat...

Abstract: We present the optimization of the manufacturing process of the 5nm bulk-FinFET technology by using the 3D process and device simulations. In this paper, bysimulating the manufacturing processes, we focus on optimizing the manufacturingprocess to improve the drive current of the 5nm FinFET. The improvement of drivecurrent is one of the most important issues in ...

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive has a remarkable characteristic, high efficiency, and good controllability, which makes it attractive for high-speed applications. In this paper, the basic control strategy for a switched reluctance motor drive circuit is explained and then three different resonant discharge topologies for SRM drive circuit are proposed. Due to resonantly discharging of exc...

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a different type of converter circuit used to drive switched reluctance motors. It continues with detailed discussion on the resonant converter armed at minimizing or eliminating the transistors switching losses. Finally the drive has been tested on a disc-type reluctance motor for the perfomance and functionality.

Recent experiments show that the conformation of filament proteins play a role in the motility and morphology of many different types of bacteria. Conformational changes in the protein subunits may produce forces to drive propulsion and cell division. Here we present a molecular mechanism by which these forces can drive cell motion. Coupling of a biochemical cycle, such as ATP hydrolysis, to th...

The response of model neurons driven by a periodic current converges onto mode-locked attractors. Reliability, de%ned as the noise stability of the attractor, was studied as a function of the drive frequency and noise strength. For weak noise, the neuron remained on one attractor and reliability was high. For intermediate noise strength, transitions between attractors occurred. For strong noise...