Antimicrobials blended at a subtherapeutic level to improve feed efficiency and growth are becoming more popular. Antibiotic use in food-producing animals results the deposition of drug residues meat eggs. Evidence infection by environmental agricultural organisms is emerging. As Southern India makes significant contribution poultry product India, we intend identify possible products, as well t...

BACKGROUND Intrathecal lidocaine hydrochloride under general anesthesia has been used as an alternative method of euthanasia in equids. Carnivore, scavenger, and even human consumption of horse meat from carcasses have been anecdotally reported in rural areas after this method of euthanasia. The presence of drug residues in horse meat has not been investigated. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To invest...

The recently determined C. elegans P-glycoprotein (Pgp) structure revealed significant deviations compared to the original mouse Pgp structure, which suggested possible misinterpretations in the latter model. To address this concern, we generated an experimental electron density map from single-wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing of an original mouse Pgp dataset to 3.8 Å resolution. The map...

The human multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) is quite promiscuous in that it can transport a broad range of structurally diverse compounds out of the cell. We hypothesized that the transmembrane (TM) segments that constitute the drug-binding site are quite mobile such that drug binding occurs through a "substrate-induced fit" mechanism. Here, we used cysteine-scanning mutagenesis...

To define the extent of sequence conservation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) in vivo, the first 320 amino acids of RT obtained from 2,236 plasma-derived samples from a well-defined cohort of 1,704 HIV-1-infected individuals (457 drug naïve and 1,247 drug treated) were analyzed and examined in structural terms. In naïve patients, 233 out of these 320 re...

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of clinical infections and increasing mortality due to multi-drug resistance. In this study, eight drug-resistant genes, beta-lactamase, metallo-beta-lactamase, vanB, mecA, norA, qacA, qacB and qacC of S. aureus strain Mu50 (vancomycin resistant) were studied to predict the evolutionary conserved functional site residues in their protein sequence...

Background: The presence of antibacterial drug residues in food caused many concerns for consumers. This study was designed to determine of antibacterial drug residues in commercial eggs distributed in Urmia, Iran. Methods: Disc diffusion microbial inhibition test was performed using three media seeded with Bacillus subtilis at different pH values (6, 7.2 or 8) and a fourth medium seeded with M...

BACKGROUND Different strains of influenza virus are affecting a large number of people worldwide. Many synthetic antiviral medicines are available for influenza virus in the market. But still there is a need for the development of universal drugs against these strains of influenza virus. METHODS For this purpose conserved residues within the influenza virus nucleoprotein have been retrieved. ...

The expression of polyspecific membrane transporters is one important mechanism by which cells can obtain resistance to structurally different antibiotics and cytotoxic agents. These transporters reduce intracellular drug concentrations to subtoxic levels by mediating drug efflux across the cell envelope. The major facilitator superfamily multidrug transporter LmrP from Lactococcus lactis catal...

The antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone delays cardiac repolarisation through inhibition of hERG-encoded potassium channels responsible for the rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr). This study aimed to elucidate molecular determinants of amiodarone binding to the hERG channel. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made at 37°C of ionic current (IhERG) carried by wild-type (WT) or mutant ...