conclusion although all esbl producer gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and colistin, non-esbl isolates showed resistant pattern. interestingly, notable percent of mentioned resistant isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin. background resistance in enteric gram-negative bacteria is of a great concern and concise local data are lacking. objectives to ...

background: chemotherapy plays a very important role in the treatment of leukemia but the resistance properties of the lymphoblasts limit the effect of chemotherapy. one of the main mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy is the increased expression of mdr1 gene. the aim of this study was to explore the effect of resveratrol on the expression of mdr1 gene in leukemic lymphoblast of new cases o...

Background: One third of epileptic patients are resistant to several anti-epileptic drugs (AED). P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter encoded by ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene that excludes drugs from the cells and plays a significant role in AEDs resistance. Over-expression of P-gp could be a result of polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene. We studied the association of...

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Drug-resistant tuberculosis is an increasing health problem and serious challenge to tuberculosis (TB) control programs. Information about the susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates against anti-tuberculosis drugs is an important aspect to TB control. The objectives of the s...

background : uncontrolled and irrational use of antibiotics increases the rate of antimicrobial resistance and treatment failure. compliance with antibiotics is an important indicator to show how patients use their prescribed drugs and it can explain the relationship between drug administration and treatment outcome that needs to be monitored and promoted. we decided to evaluate compliance to a...