background: due (drug utilization evaluation) studies can help identify and correct problems associated with irrational use of drugs. considering lack of data regarding how rational vancomycin is being used, we evaluated this due study in a referral infectious center to evaluate compliance with guidelines in terms of rational use of this valuable antibiotic. methods: this retrospective study wa...

BACKGROUND Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased dramatically in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, 560,000 people had access to ART by the end of 2011. This scaling up of ART has raised challenges to the Kenyan health system due to emergence of drug resistant viruses among those on treatment and possible onward transmission. To counter this, and come up with an effective treatment st...

Drug resistance is a major problem in the successful treatment of cancer. Resistance to one drug is often associated with cross-resistance to other anticancer agents. This is commonly seen with the "natural product" anticancer drugs such as the Vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines. In experimental systems, specific changes in plasma membranes characterize this "multiple drug resistance." The most...

BACKGROUND After rapid scaling up of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients, the data of primary HIV-1 drug resistance in Thailand is still limited. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of primary HIV-1 drug resistance in Thailand. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted among antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected Thai patients from 2007 ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of mTOR inhibition on drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma after combined radiation and erlotinib therapy. RESULTS Combined radiation and erlotinib therapy produced clear radiosensitization effects both in vitro and in vivo; however, tumor cells remained drug resistant. Additionally, combined radiation and erlotinib therapy significantly increased p-AKT ...

results no significant correlation was seen in rs3743527 and rs129081 polymorphism’s allelic and genotypic frequencies between the patient group and control individuals (p value > 0.05). the average frequencies of rs129081 g and c alleles was 40 (58%) and 29 (42%), respectively. in our sample the average frequencies of rs3743527 c and t alleles, were 41 (61%) and 28 (39%), respectively. the res...