REASONS GIVEN IN DEFENCE OF TESTING The reasons most frequently given for instituting random drug testing programmes are based on the argument that it is a good tool for controlling drug problems because it offers inmates a valid excuse to avoid either drug use or participation in drug trafficking, and it assists in protecting inmates' access to programmes and transfers to lower security prison...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate crack cocaine use practices, risk behaviors associated with HIV infection among drug users, and their involvement with violence. INTRODUCTION HIV infections are frequent among drug users due to risky sexual behavior. It is generally accepted that crack cocaine use is related to increased levels of violence. Several reports point to an increase in violence from those inv...

Quantitative and qualitative research suggests that urban disadvantaged environments may be highly stressful to their inhabitants. Social disorganization may be deleterious to both physical and mental health. The relationships among perceptions of one's neighborhood, measures of social support and social integration, and level of subsequent depressive symptoms was examined with a community samp...

In this work we introduce Quixote, a system that makes programming virtual agents more accessible to nonprogrammers by enabling these agents to be trained using the sociocultural knowledge present in stories. Quixote uses a corpus of exemplar stories to automatically engineer a reward function that is used to train virtual agents to exhibit desired behaviors using reinforcement learning. We sho...

OBJECTIVE Drug trafficking seems to be both prevalent and associated with considerable morbidity and mortality among inner-city African-American males. Survey data has indicated the possible importance of economic need in the rapid emergence of drug trafficking in this population. In the present study, an historical-cultural approach is used to examine this economic relationship further and to ...

Little is known about the relationship between illegal firms and local economic activity. In this paper I study changes in satellite night lights across Mexican municipalities after the arrival of large drug trafficking organizations in the period 2000-2010. After accounting for state trends and differences in political regimes, results indicate no significant change in night lights after the a...