This report shows the analysis of two essential processes in the integrated circuit fabrication: SiO2 growth and metal deposition. The first part consists of the characterization of dry and wet thermal oxidation. The idea is to obtain the parameters that describe the behavior of this process and use this to predict specific oxidation times and thicknesses. The second part consists of metal depo...

The radii of octadecanethiol spots deposited by an atomic force microscope tip onto a gold surface were studied as a function of contact time and humidity. The deposition is well described by two-dimensional diffusion from an annular source of constant concentration, with a surface diffusion coefficient of 8400 nm(2) s(-1), independent of humidity. Facile transfer is observed even after near co...

Oxidized mercury (Hg(II)) is chemically produced in the atmosphere by oxidation of elemental mercury and is directly emitted by anthropogenic activities. We use the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model with gaseous oxidation driven by Br atoms to quantify how surface deposition of Hg(II) is influenced by Hg(II) production at different atmospheric heights. We tag Hg(II) chemically produced ...

The photocurrent enhancement effect caused by Au and Ag nanoparticles for GaAs-based photovoltaic structures of surface barrier or p-n junction type with microtextured interfaces has been investigated in dependence on the conditions of nanoparticles deposition and, respectively, on the shape and local dielectric environment of obtained nanoparticle arrays. Three nanoparticle deposition methods ...

Atmospheric ammonia concentrations were measured during fall 2001, winter, spring, and summer 2002 over natural surfaces in North Carolina where animal farms and waste storage and treatment lagoons (which are known to emit ammonia) at two heights (2 and 6m) above the surface employing an arrangement of two Thermo Environmental Instruments, Inc. Model 17C chemiluminescent nitrogen oxides (NOX)–a...

This report shows the analysis of two essential processes in the integrated circuit fabrication: SiO2 growth and metal deposition. The first part consists of the characterization of dry and wet thermal oxidation. The idea is to obtain the parameters that describe the behavior of this process and use this to predict specific oxidation times and thicknesses. The second part consists of metal depo...

We report the fabrication of low-loss amorphous silicon photonic wires deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Single mode photonic wires were fabricated by 193nm optical lithography and dry etching. Propagation loss measurements show a loss of 3.46dB/cm for photonic wires (480×220nm) and 1.34dB/cm for ridge waveguides.

Acid rain has been a big problem for urban area during recent decades. Acid rain comes from high concentration of air pollutant, including man made or artificial and natural, in the atmosphere. Mashhad, as the biggest religious town in Iran, has also been imposed with this problem. In this investigation the samples of rains during autumn 2002 and spring 2003 are analyzed. The results showed tha...