The Tree Augmentation Problem (TAP) is: given a tree T = (V, E) and a set E of edges (called links) on V disjoint to E , find a minimum size edge subset F ⊆ E so that T +F is 2-edge-connected. TAP is equivalent to the problem of finding a minimum size edge-cover F ⊆ E of a laminar set-family. We consider the restriction LL-TAP of TAP to instances when every link in E connects two leaves of T . ...

BACKGROUND Leuprorelin acetate, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist, is used worldwide in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. This study was conducted to assess the non-inferiority of the 6-month depot formulation, TAP-144-SR (6M) 22.5 mg to the 3-month depot formulation, TAP-144-SR (3M) 11.25 mg in postoperative, premenopausal patients with hormone rec...

BACKGROUND The development of acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with intracellular events in pancreatic cells, as well as with early and late inflammatory responses; however, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP)-induced release of high mobility group box-l (HMGB1) from pancreatic acinar cells and how ethyl pyruvate (EP) aff...

1. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol glycinate (TG) and thiamphenicol (TAP) in beagles (n = 6) after intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg TG hydrochloride. Plasma concentrations of TG and TAP were measured by a HPLC-UV method. 2. Two-compartment model was selected to describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of TG and TAP in vivo. Main parameters were as follows...

Cytogenetic and molecular analyses are essential disease-monitoring parameters in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) treated with imatinib. However, a bone marrow morphologic response has not been defined. We reviewed bone marrow histology and cytology of 39 imatinib-treated patients with CML over 49 weeks and introduced a morphologic response score. A significant positive correlation with a co...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein (LMP)2 is a multiple membrane spanning molecule which lacks ectodomains projecting into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Human CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)s recognize a number of epitopes within LMP2. Assays with epitope-specific CTLs in two different cell backgrounds lacking the transporter associated with antigen processing ...

Tandem affinity purification (TAP) has been widely used for the analysis of protein complexes. We investigated the parameters of the recently developed TAP method (GS-TAP) and its application in Drosophila. This new tag combination includes two Protein G modules and a streptavidin binding peptide (SBP), separated by one or two TEV protease cleavage sites. We made pMK33-based GS-TAP vectors to a...

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is essential for intracellular transport of protein fragments into the endoplasmic reticulum for loading of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. On the cell surface, these peptide-MHC complexes are monitored by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To study the ATP hydrolysis of TAP, we developed an enrichment and reconstitution p...

INTRODUCTION Many papers have reported that TAP block provides effective postoperative analgesia, but the sole use of TAP block for surgical anesthesia has been rarely reported. CASE PRESENTATION Therefore, we presented an 80-year-old male undergoing ultrasound-guided unilateral subcostal TAP block providing surgical anesthesia for open gastrostomy. Left subcostal TAP block was performed usin...

TAP (tandem affinity purification) allows rapid and clean isolation of a tagged protein along with its interacting partners from cell lysates. Initially developed in yeast, the TAP method has subsequently been adapted to other cells and organisms. In combination with MS analysis, this method has become an indispensable tool for systematic identification of target-associated protein complexes. T...