The shuttling of intermediary metabolites such as lactate through the vasculature contributes to the dynamic energy and biosynthetic needs of tissues. Tracer kinetic studies offer a powerful tool to measure the metabolism of substrates like lactate that are simultaneously taken up from and released into the circulation by organs, but in each circulatory passage, the entire cardiac output traver...

The aim of this study was to determine the shuttle dose for all collimator helmets (4, 8, 14 and 18 mm) of the Gamma Knife, model B, in Vienna, Austria. The additional dose accumulated during the transport of the patient in and out of the treatment position should be considered in the dose planning procedure of multicentre treatment regimens and in fractionated stereotactic Gamma Knife radiothe...

Age-related cognitive impairment has become one of the most common health threats in many countries. The biological substrate of cognition is the interconnection of neurons to form complex information processing networks. Experience-based alterations in the activities of these information processing networks lead to neuroadaptation, which is physically represented at the cellular level as synap...