in this paper, acceptance criteria of steel building code, comprehensive and quick evaluation procedures for x-bracing, are compared to each other parametrically and numerically. for this purpose, it is assumed first that the sample building is designed to meet steel building code and then by introducing transform parameters and using stress ratio of the designed components, acceptance of the d...

the rotational friction dampers can be improved the seismic behavior of the steel structures, and they can be reduced the internal forces in the bracing members, columns and the other structural members. in this research, a simple method for modeling and analysis of braced frames equipped by these dampers is proposed. the proposed model describes seismic behavior of dampers very well and it is ...

Steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich panels are composed of two steel plates with low thicknesses and high densities and strengths and one thick layer between both plates with low strength and density known as core that is composed of concrete. Cohesive material-epoxy resin or shear connectors are usually used to connect the plates to the concrete core. SCS sandwich composites are being develope...

The following nomenclature is used in this Chapter: a allotriomorphic ferrite aa acicular ferrite a w Widmanstatten ferrite ~ delta-ferrite !:i.0' increment in yield stress I austenite € true strain € true average strain €~ true plastic strain in softer phase of a dual-phase steel €~I true plastic strain in harder phase of a dual-phase steel €UTS true strain at ultimate tensile stress €y true s...

This paper introduces a new assessment technique to monitor the quality of coated steel sheet surfaces, mainly used in the construction industry, e.g. as cladding for commercial buildings, external surface composite panels or even domestic applications, so clearly the visual appearance is critical. Normally, these types of steel sheets are coil coated onto steel strips. After curing the coating...

the microstructure of dual phase steels can be considered as a matrix of ferrite phase reinforced by martensite particles. recent measurements show that the mechanical properties of the ferrite phase are changed with the distance from the martensite grains. in this paper, a new method has been proposed to consider this phenomenon in finite element modeling of dual phase steels microstructure. i...

A testing strategy and corresponding test plan have been presented for the two proposed US candidate breeder blankets: (1) a helium-cooled solid breeder concept with ferritic steel structure and Be neutron multiplier, but without a fully independent TBM and (2) a dual-coolant helium-cooled ferritic steel structure with self-cooled LiPb breeding zone that uses a flow channel insert as MHD and th...

pullback test has no scrupulous theoretical establishment. it is based on the hypothesis that the response ofthe structure can be related to the response of an equivalent single degree-of-freedom (sdof) system. this implies thatthe response is controlled by a single mode. in fact, the steel frame of each safe room, which is introduced within theunreinforced masonry buildings for protecting the ...

Sustainability is always expressed in terms of the endurance of systems and processes. The objective for ecological sustainability is sustainable development of human shelters. A building is a designed intervention into the natural setting of the environment. The existing ecosystem always gets a deep impact due to the decision of constructing a building. Architecture in a broader sense serves t...