In this study, we present an analysis of warm extremes over monsoonal China (21–45° N, 106–124° E) during the last 600 years based on Chinese historical documents and simulations from Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (PMIP3) Coupled Model 5 (CMIP5). The indicate that extreme records become more frequent after ~1650 CE in North ~1850 Yangtze River Valley. Our analyses two t...